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Technical S pecification
NQ10W50PKA07
12V in 0 . 7 - 5 . 0 V
Input Outputs
7 Amp
Current
Non
Isolated
SMT
Sur face Mount Package
T he NiQ or (R) m o d u l e i s a s u r f a c e m o u n t , D C / D C n o n - i s o l a t e d b u c k r egu la tor , with a s in gle p ro gra mma b le ou tp ut vo lta ge. T he co nver ter e mpl oy s a sy n ch ro no us rec tifica tion an d a dis co ntin u ou s mo de a t l igh t l oa d s t o ac hie ve ex tr eme ly fas t t r a ns ien t r es p on se a nd high con ver s ion eff icien cy . Th e NiQ or fa mil y of co nver ters ar e us ed p r edo m in ately in DP A s ystems u sin g a fr on t end DC/DC h igh p o wer b r ick (4 8Vi n t o lo w v ol t age b us ). Th e n on -is ol a te d NiQo r con v er t ers a r e t h en u se d a t t h e p oi nt of lo ad t o cre at e t he l ow v ol ta ge ou t p ut s r eq u ired b y t h e d es ign. T y pic al a pp li ca ti on s in cl ud e t el eco m/d at a c om, in du str ia l, med ica l , tr a ns po rta tion , da ta p ro ces si ng/s tor a ge and test equipment. RoHS Compliant (see page 12 ). Operational Features
* Ultra high efficiency, up to 93% at full load current * Delivers up to 7 Amps of output current with no derating up to 85C, 100LFM * Input Voltage Range : 10.2 - 13.2V * Fast transient response time * Input voltage compensation gives excellent rejection of input voltage ripple and input voltage transients * On-board input (capacitive) filtering * No minimum load requirement means no preload resistors required * High accuracy output voltage regulation * Discontinuous mode option offers extremely low dissipation at light loads
Non-Isolated
NiQor NQ10W50PKA07
Contr ol Features
* On/Off control positive logic * Output voltage trim permits custom voltages and voltage margining * Remote sense (+/- ) for output voltage compensation due to output distribution drops * External/Internal reference options * Up/Down margining with digital input signals
Safety Features
* UL/cUL 60950-1 recognized (US & Canada) * TUV certified to EN60950-1 * Meets 72/23/EEC and 93/68/EEC directives which facilitates CE Marking in user's end product * Board and plastic components meet UL94V-0 flammability requirements
Mechanical Features
* Surface mount package * Package size: 0.9" x 0.4" x 0.232" * Total weight: 0.18 oz. (5.0 g), lower mass greatly reduces vibration and shock problems * Open frame construction maximizes air flow cooling
Pr otection Features
* Current limit foldback protects converter from excessive load current or short circuits
Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 1
Technical Specification
MECHANICAL DIAGRAM
Top View
Note 3 Note 4 Note 5 Note 6 Note 7
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
Surface Mount Package
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
0.226 +0.006
(5.74 +0.15)
Bottom View
0.900
(22.86)
Side View
0.080
(2.03) Typ.
0.063
(1.60) Typ.
0.310
P1
0.400
(10.16)
P2
P3
P4
0.155
(3.94)
(7.87)
Bottomside Clearance 0.020 +.009/-.001
(0.5 +.22/-.02)
P6 P11 P10 P9 P8 P7
0.195
(4.95) (1.60)
0.063
0.045
(1.14)
0.385
(9.78)
0.575
(14.61)
0.770
(19.56)
NOTES
1) SMT Contacts: Material - Brass Finish - Gold over Nickel plate 2) Lead co-planarity Pins 1-10 = 0.004"max (0.10 mm) 3) Pin designator located on top side inductor label. 4) SynQor part number on two lines of text 5) Product Info: WWYY - Date code; RR - Revision; L - Manuf. code 6) Product serial number. Barcode format Datamatrix or Micro PDF417. Barcode includes "S" for serial number prefix. 7) Product serial number, human readable text. 8) Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. 9) All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 10) Weight: 0.18 oz. (5 g) typical 11) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II
Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596
SMT CONTACT CONNECTIONS
Pin No. Name Function
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11
CTRL GND OE PWRGD PWR GND TRIMN VSET VIN TRIMP VOUT VADJ
Low Current Ground Output Enable (active high) Power Good (active high) Power (Vin & Vout) Ground Margin Control (trim down) Setpoint Voltage Input Voltage Margin Control (trim up) Output Voltage Feedback Voltage
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Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B
6/12/07
Page 2
Technical Specification
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - NQ10W50PKA07 Series
Parameter
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Non-Operating Input Voltage Operating Input Voltage Operating Temperature Storage Temperature TRIMP and TRIMN pins VSET pin Voltage at OE (output enable) input pin INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Range Input Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Maximum Input Current (100% Load, 10.2Vin) " " " " " " " No-Load Input Current (DCM Versions QS1, QS2 1) No-Load Input Current (CCM Versions QS3, QS4 2) " " " " " " " Disabled Input Current Inrush Current Transient Rating Input Ripple Voltage (RMS) " " " " " " " Recommended Input Fuse for 0.9Vout Recommended Input Fuse for 3.3Vout Input Filter Capacitor Value Recommended External Input Capacitance OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (QS1, QS4 versions) Output Voltage Set Point (QS2, QS3 versions) Output Voltage Regulation 3 Over Line Over Load Over Temperature Total Output Voltage Range Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak-to-Peak Operating Output Current Range Output DC Current-Limit Threshold Recommended Output Capacitance
Product # NQ10W50PKA07
TA=25C, airflow rate=300 LFM, Vin=12Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -5C to +85C ambient temperature with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice. Setpoint
All All All All All All All All All All 0.7V 0.9V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5.0V All 0.7V 0.9V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5.0V All All 0.7V 0.9V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5.0V All All All All All All All All All All All All All All
Min.
10.2 -5 -40 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 10.2
Typ.
12.0
Max.
15 13.2 85 85 5.0 2.7 5 13.2 4.0 3.9 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.6 3.8 6 20 25 30 35 40 45 55 70 2.0
Units
V V C C V V V V V V A A A A A A A A mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA A 2s V V V V V V V V A A F F % % % % % %
Notes & Conditions
Continuous Continuous Consult factory for lower operating temperatures
ON/OFF control pin
12 3.3 3.2
4 14 16 19 22 25 31 37 46 0.5 0.02 0.027 0.032 0.036 0.020 0.013 0.022 0.028 0.037 1.0 3.0 22 22 +1.2 +0.7 +0.1 +0.2 +0.3 +1.8 10 0 110 15 176
See note 1 in page 5 At 25C. See note 2 in page 5
Including 22uF external input capacitor With 22F external cap; see Figures 14 & 17
Use fuse with minimal additional current rating Use fuse with minimal additional current rating
Internal value
Ceramic With 50% load, see trimming app note With Vset=0.7V, 50% load, see trimming app note See trimming and remote sensing app notes
25 7 2000
mV A A F
Over sample, line, load, temperature & life 20MHz bandwidth, 110uF ceramic output cap. Full Load. See note 4 in page 5 See note 3 in page 5 5% drop in Vout; see Figure 16 Nominal Vout at 7A resistive load
6/12/07 Page 3
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Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B
Technical Specification
Parameter
Setpoint Min. Typ.
10 -60 -80 -40 +100 20 2.2 2.7 3.3 3.5 3.9 4.4 77 81 84 86 87 90 92 94 81 83 84 86 87 89 91 93 125 125 340 660 0 2.0 1.1 332 110 0.7 0.8 1.0/1.0 5.0 -5.0 1.4 100 5.0 10 -10 1.5 0.15 130 1.0 395 740 450 830 1.0 5.0 1.9 4.7 5.0 5.5
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) - NQ10W50PKA07 Series
Max.
25
Units
mV dB dB dB dB mV s ms ms ms % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % C C kHz kHz V V V V % V kW/F % % V kW V % % % V
Notes & Conditions
20MHz bandwidth, 110uF ceramic output cap. Full Load. See note 4 in page 5 120 Hz, see Figure 15 120 Hz, see Figure 15 Audio to 5 MHz; see Figure 15 See Figures 9 & 10 10% to 90% to 10% Iout max, 5A/uS or faster To within 1.5% Vout nom VSET=0.8V for QS2 or QS3 Full load, Vout=97% steady state level Full load, Vout=97% steady state level Full load, Vout=97% steady state level
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak-to-Peak All DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Input Voltage Ripple Rejection 5V " 0.7V, 1,8V " All Output Voltage during Load Current Transient Step Change in Output Current All Settling Time All Turn-On Transient Turn-On Time 0.7V-2.5V " 3.3V " 5.0V EFFICIENCY 85% Load (6A) 0.7V " 0.9V " 1.2V " 1.5V " 1.8V " 2.5V " 3.3V " 5.0V 28% Load (2A) 0.7V " 0.9V " 1.2V " 1.5V " 1.8V " 2.5V " 3.3V " 5.0V TEMP. LIMITS FOR POWER DERATING Semiconductor Junction Temperature All Board Temperature All FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency 0.7V " 5.0V ON/OFF Control Off-State Voltage All On-State Voltage All Transition Voltage All OE Pin Input Resistance All Output Over-Voltage Protection All External Reference Input (Versions QS2, QS3) VSET Pin Voltage Range All Input Filter All Margining (Versions QS1, QS4) Margin-Up Trimming All Margin-Down Trimming All TRIMN and TRIMP Pin Thresholds All PowerGood Internal Pull-up Resistance All Internal Pull-up Voltage All Upper Threshold All Lower Threshold All Hysteresis All Low Voltage All
Package rated to 150C UL rated max operating temp 130C See Figure 18 for other voltages See Figure 18 for other voltages Applied at OE pin Applied at OE pin To ground only, no internal pull-up Over full temp range; % of nominal Vout
Internal filter Vout increase when pulling up TRIMP pin Vout decrease when pulling up TRIMN pin
4.5 -5.5
5.5 -4.5
4.7 7 -13
5.3 13 -7 3 0.4
With 4mA sink current
Product # NQ10W50PKA07
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Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B
6/12/07
Page 4
Technical Specification
Parameter
FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Trimming and Remote Sense Output Voltage Trim Range Output Voltage Remote Sense Range Remote Sense Accuracy " Thevenin Resistance Thevenin Voltage RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF (Telcordia) Calculated MTBF (MIL-217) Demonstrated MTBF
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) - NQ10W50PKA07 Series
Setpoint
All All 5.0V 1.8V All All 5.0Vout 5.0Vout 5.0Vout
Min.
0.7
Typ.
Max.
5.25 +5
Units
V % % % V
Notes & Conditions
Measured across pins 10 & 4 Measured across pins 10 & 4, less setpoint voltage Percentage of voltage drop compensated Percentage of voltage drop compensated At VADJ pin with no external resistance At VADJ pin with no external resistance
94 98 990 Vout/101 21.5 12.4 1.0
W
106 Hrs. TR-NWT-000332; 100% load, 300LFM, 40oC Ta 106 Hrs. MIL-HDBK-217F; 100% load, 300LFM, 40oC Ta 106 Hrs. Field demonstrated MTBF
STANDARDS COMPLIANCE
Parameter
STANDARDS COMPLIANCE
Notes
File # E194341 Certified by TUV Test on entire assembly; board & plastic components UL94V-0 compliant ESD test, 8kV - NP, 15kV air - NP (Normal Performance) Section 7 - electrical safety, Section 9 - bonding/grounding
UL/cUL 60950-1 EN60950-1 72/23/EEC 93/68/EEC Needle Flame Test (IEC 695-2-2) IEC 61000-4-2 GR-1089-CORE Telcordia (Bellcore) GR-513
* An external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements.
QUALIFICATION TESTING
Parameter
QUALIFICATION TESTING
# Units
32 5 5 10 5 5 5 15 pins
Test Conditions
10-55Hz sweep, 0.060" total excursion,1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis
Life Test Vibration Mechanical Shock Temperature Cycling Power/Thermal Cycling Design Marginality Humidity Solderability
95% rated Vin and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours
100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis -40C to 100C, unit temp. ramp 15C/min., 500 cycles Toperating = min to max, Vin = min to max, full load, 100 cycles Tmin-10C to Tmax+10C, 5C steps, Vin = min to max, 0-105% load 85C, 85% RH, 1000 hours, 2 minutes on and 6 hours off MIL-STD-883, method 2003
* Extensive characterization testing of all SynQor products and manufacturing processes is performed to ensure that we supply robust, reliable product. Contact the factory for more information about Proof of Design and Proof of Manufacturing processes.
Note 1: DCM = Discontinuous Conduction Mode - see application notes. Note 2: CCM = Continuous Conduction Mode - see application notes. Note 3: QS1 and QS2 versions at no load (up to 50mA) may have a higher Vout error of up to +1.5% associated with deep discontinuous mode operation. Note 4: The user will see higher output ripple at light loads (< 4A @ 5V, <1.5A @ 0.9V) on the discontinuous conduction mode versions. To reduce output ripple, increase output capacitance or use continuous conduction mode version.
OPTIONS
SynQor provides various options for Packaging, Mounting, Optional Functions and Current Sharing for this family of DC/DC converters. Please consult the last page of this specification sheet for information on available options.
Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596
PATENTS
SynQor is protected under various patents. Please consult the last page for further information.
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Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B
6/12/07
Page 5
Technical Specification
100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 0 1 2
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
Efficiency (%)
5.0V 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 0.9V 0.7V
Efficiency (%)
5.0V 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 0.9V 0.7V
3 4 5 6 7
Load Current (A)
Load Current (A)
Figure 1: Efficiency at 12Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for CCM modules at 25C (see Continuous vs Discontinuous Conduction app note).
2.50 2.25 2.00
Figure 2: Efficiency at 12Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for DCM modules at 25C (see Continuous vs Discontinuous Conduction app note).
2.50
Power Dissipation (W)
1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 0
Power Dissipation (W)
5.0V 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 0.9V 0.7V
2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00
5.0V 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 0.9V 0.7V
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Load Current (A)
Load Current (A)
Figure 3: Power dissipation at 12Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for CCM modules at 25C (see Continuous vs Discontinuous Conduction app note).
8
Figure 4: Power dissipation at 12Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for DCM modules at 25C (see Continuous vs Discontinuous Conduction app note).
7
Iout (A)
6
400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 5 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 4 0 25 40 55 70 85
Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1C of surface temperature
Ambient Air Temperature (C)
Figure 5: Maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air temp for all output voltages at 12Vin. Airflow rates of 100 - 400 LFM with air flowing across the converter from pin 1 to 11..
Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596
Figure 6: Thermal plot of 0.9Vo converter at 12.0Vin with 7 amp load current and 55C. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 1 to 11 at 200 LFM.
Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 6
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Technical Specification
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1C of surface temperature
Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1C of surface temperature
Figure 7: Thermal plot of 2.5Vo converter at 12.0Vin with 7 amp load current and 55C. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 1 to 11 at 200 LFM.
Figure 8: Thermal plot of 5.0Vo converter at 12.0Vin with 7 amp load current and 55C. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 1 to 11 at 200 LFM.
5.0Vout
5.0Vout
2.5Vout
2.5Vout
1.2Vout
1.2Vout
0.7Vout
0.7Vout
Figure 9: DCM (QS1 & QS2) output voltage response at 12.0Vin to stepchange in load current (10% to 90% of Iout max; di/dt=20A/ s; 50 s/div). Load cap: 376 F ceramic. Top: Vout (100mV/div), Bottom: Iout (5A/div).
Figure 10: CCM (QS3 & QS4) output voltage response at 12.0Vin to stepchange in load current (10% to 90% of Iout max; di/dt=20A/ s; 50 s/div). Load cap: 376 F ceramic. Top: Vout (100mV/div), Bottom: Iout (5A/div).
5.0Vout
5.0Vout
3.3Vout
3.3Vout
2.5Vout 1.8Vout 1.5Vout 1.2Vout 1.0Vout 0.7Vout
2.5Vout 1.8Vout 1.5Vout 1.2Vout 1.0Vout 0.7Vout
Figure 11: DCM (QS1 & QS2) turn-on transient at 12Vin and full load (resistive load) with 370uF of output cap (1V/div, 1mS/div), top traces are OE pin (first to rise) and PWRGOOD (rising later), both at 5V div.
Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596
Figure 12: CCM (QS3 & QS4) turn-on transient at 12Vin and full load (resistive load) with 370uF of output cap (1V/div, 1mS/div), top traces are OE pin (first to rise) and PWRGOOD (rising later), both at 5V div.
Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 7
www.synqor.com
Technical Specification
5.0Vout 3.3Vout 5.0Vout 3.3Vout 2.5Vout
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
2.5Vout 1.8Vout 1.5Vout
1.8Vout
1.5Vout 1.2Vout 0.9Vout 0.7Vout
1.2Vout 0.9Vout 0.7Vout
Figure 13: Output Voltage Ripple at 12V input voltage and rated load current (10 mV/div). Load capacitance: 5 ceramic 22 F capacitors. Bandwidth: 20 MHz. See Figure 17.
0 -10
Figure 14: Input Voltage Ripple across 22uF external input capacitor at 12V input voltage and rated load current (200 mV/div). Load capacitance: 5 ceramic 22 F capacitors. Bandwidth: 20 MHz. See Figure 17.
1.1
Forward Transmission (dB)
-20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 1.E+08 0.7 Vout 1.8 Vout 5.0 Vout
Normalized Output Voltage (V)
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7 0.7 Vout 0.9 Vout 1.8 Vout 5.0 Vout
0.6
0.5 0 4 8 12 16 20
Hz
Load Current (A)
Figure 15: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (FT = vout/vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
Figure 16: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves and converter shutdown points.
900 800 700
Frequency (Khz)
600 500 400 300 200 100 0 .7V .9V 1V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5V 85C 25C
Output Voltage (V)
Figure 17: External cap shown for transient response measurements. Not shown are PWRGOOD output and digital inputs OE, TRIMN and TRIMP. I/O pin arrangement not intended to match positions on the converter.
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Figure 18: Typical Switching Frequency vs Output Voltage, 12Vin, Full Rated Load Current.
Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 8
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Technical Specification
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
Figure 19: Load current (10A/div) as a function of time (500uS/div) when attempting to turn on into a 10 mW short circuit. *-Output voltage setpoint is trimmed to 5.25V for the top trace and 0.7V for the bottom trace.
Product # NQ10W50PKA07
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Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B
6/12/07
Page 9
Technical Specification
BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES
The NiQor series non-isolated converter uses a buck converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The NiQor modules employ synchronous rectification for very high efficiency. Dissipation throughout the converter is so low that it does not require a heatsink or metal baseplate for operation. The NiQor converter can thus be built more simply and reliably using high yield surface mount techniques on a single PCB substrate.
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
There are also no problems starting into a load that has a resistive V-I curve. As long as the load draws less than the current limit value at 1/2 of the unit's setpoint voltage, proper startup is ensured. Because the current limit tolerance is rather large, a fuse is recommended in series with the input source of each unit. The rating of the fuse should be above but as close as possible to the maximum input current specified on the specification pages. These maximum input currents account for full load conditions, maximum ambient temperature, and minimum input voltage. The curves for power dissipation vs load current may be used to estimate the reduction of input current at lighter load conditions.
CONTROL FEATURES
Remote ON/OFF (OE, pin 2): The OE (output enable) input, pin 2, permits the user to control when the converter is on or off. The OE pin connects directly to the enable pin of the PWM chip and must be pulled high to turn the converter on (see the specification pages for on/off logic thresholds). The converter has an internal 332K resistor from this pin to CTRL GND (pin 1).
APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS
Input Over-Voltage Prevention: The power system designer must take precautions to prevent damaging the NiQor converters by input overvoltage. This is another reason to be careful about damping the input filter so that no ringing occurs from an underdamped filter. The voltage must be prevented from exceeding the absolute maximum voltage indicated in the Electrical Specifications section of the data sheet under all conditions of turn-on, turn-off and load transients and fault conditions. The power source should have an over voltage shutdown threshold as close as reasonably possible to the operating point. External Output Capacitance: This converter is designed to operate with all-ceramic output capacitance. Although additional bulk output capacitance of other types may be found to improve performance, the output capacitance recommendations are generally based on low-ESR ceramic capacitors. A minimum of 110uF of ceramic capacitance should be placed as close as possible to the converter and preferably mounted directly under the converter on the opposite side of the converter with VOUT and PWR GND planes used to minimize the inductance of this connection. In order to maintain the desired capacitance up to higher output voltages, 5 22uF/1210 capacitors are recommended. To achieve the transient response specifications, 376uF is recommended. When operating the QS1 or QS2 version at light loads (see CCM vs DCM section), even more capacitance may be desired to reduce the output ripple voltage. Due to the low-frequency content of the discontinuous mode output voltage ripple, tantalum or polymer type capacitors may also be useful in reducing this ripple. In general, more capacitance is needed, particularly at high voltages, when using 100uF 1210 6.3V capacitors or other low voltage X5R capacitors which can similarly drop to 1/3 of their nominal value at a bias voltage of 5V.
PROTECTION FEATURES
Input Under-Voltage Lockout: The converter is designed to turn off when the input voltage is too low. When the input voltage is rising, it must exceed the typical Turn-On Voltage Threshold value (listed on the specification pages) before the converter will turn on. Once the converter is on, the input voltage must fall below the typical Turn-Off Voltage Threshold value before the converter will turn off. Output Current Limiting: This converter employs foldback current limiting. A typical output voltage-current curve is shown in Figure 16 in the Performance Curves section. At room temperature current limit is reached at about 170% of rated current. Loads in excess of that limit will cause the output to droop. If the load is sufficient to pull the output down to approximately 50% of its nominal setpoint, the output current will begin to foldback. If the load continues to increase, the output current will decrease linearly to about 30% of the rated current at zero Vout. While operating into this dead short condition the unit will deliver 2-3A indefinitely reducing stress and ensuring prolonged short-circuits will not overheat the converter. Since there is no "hiccup mode" to the current-limit operation, there is also no concern with operation or startup into large capacitive loads. The voltage may rise slowly while charging the output capacitance, but it will rise.
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Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B
6/12/07
Page 10
Technical Specification
Continuous vs Discontinuous Conduction Modes: Table 1 summarizes the difference among the converter versions. Referring to the last 3 digits of the part number, the QS1 and QS2 versions are configured to enable discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) operation at light loads, whereas the QS3 and QS4 versions force continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation. Table 2 shows the typical load current corresponding to the boundary for light-load discontinuous operation.
Version QS1 QS2 QS3 QS4 Vref 0.7V VSET pin VSET pin 0.6V Light-Load Operating Mode Discontinuous (DCM) Enabled Discontinuous (DCM) Enabled Forced Continuous (CCM) Forced Continuous (CCM)
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
with extremely light loads (<50mA), the output voltage may rise by 1 to 2% beyond the specified tolerance.
Output Voltage Boundary Current Efficiency Advantage Setpoint for Output Ripple Boundary Current 0.7V - 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5.0V 2.0 Amps 2.2 Amps 2.4 Amps 2.6 Amps 0.75Amps 1.0 Amps 1.2 Amps 1.5 Amps
Table 2: Boundary currents below which DCM operation increases ripple and improves efficiency
Setting Output Voltage (VADJ, pin 11): This converter is a wide-output module and requires external resistors R1 and R2 (see Figure 17) to set the output voltage. The output voltage is set by the ratio between R1 and R2 in parallel with an internal 100K resistor as follows: Vout = Vref * [1 + (R2 || 100K) / R1] where Vref is given in Table 1 above. In terms of the top resistor R2, the trim equation is:
Table 1: Version differences
Following are the main performance differences between the two versions: 1) Current-sinking: A DCM version (QS1, QS2) will not sink current if its output is backdriven, whereas a CCM version will sink current as needed to regulate its output voltage, though such negative current might be limited to a few amps but may exceed 10Amps. Since this is not a normal operating condition, the negative current limit is not specified. 2) Light-load input power: The main advantage of DCM operation is lower input current at light loads, down to only about 4 milliamps with no-load (for all input/output voltage conditions). The efficiency improvement of the DCM version only becomes evident as the load is reduced below 1.5A for a 5.0V output. This threshold gradually falls to about 1 Amp at 2.5V and 0.75A at 0.7V, as shown in Table 2 below. 3) Light-load output ripple: The output ripple of the DCM version has a higher amplitude, as well as a significant amount of low-frequency content at light loads (as low as 200Hz for 0.7Vout at noload). With the same output capacitance, peak-to-peak output voltage ripple at light-loads may be 3 to 10 times as large for DCM as for the CCM version. At heavier loads, all versions operate in continuous conduction and have very low output voltage ripple. 4) Transient response: The CCM version has a better response to dynamic loads. The output voltage deviation, while excellent on both versions, is about 20% lower on the CCM version. With a falling load step, a longer settling time may also be noticeable, especially when stepping into very light loads, as there is no current sinking capability to quickly reduce the output voltage from its peak deviation. 5) No-Load Regulation: When operating in discontinuous mode
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R2 =
(Vout - Vref) * R1 * 100K Vref * (R1 + 100K) - Vout * R1
The recommended value for bottom resistor R 1 is 1.0K. Significantly larger values of R1 will degrade the DC accuracy of the remote sensing, particularly with high output voltages where the trim resistor R2 becomes comparable to the internal 100K parallel resistor. If remote sensing is not used, larger values of R1 up to 5.0K may be used. (Vout - Vref) * 100 With R1=1K R2 (in kohm) = 101 * Vref - Vout Total DC Variation of Vout: For the converter to meet its specifications, the maximum variation of the DC value of the converter output voltage, due to voltage adjustment, margining, and remote load voltage drops, should not be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range. Differential Remote Sense: Using the differential remote sense feature, the converter can be configured to adjust its output voltage up to compensate for resistive drops between the converter and the load. Differential remote sensing is achieved by a Kelvin connection of the top trim resistor R2 (see Figure 17) and the CTRL GND pin respectively to the Vout and common rails at the desired remote location. The other end of R2 connects to the VADJ pin, and the bottom trim resistor R1 connects between the
Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 11
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Technical Specification
VADJ and CTRL GND pins. The R1 connection should be between the pin and the point where the CTRL GND and PWR GND nodes meet. In cases where the output voltage is not trimmed above the reference voltage (R2 < 50 W), it should be noted that the trim connection would be substantially used for high-frequency feedback as well as DC sensing, so the feedback loop would see any filtering network including parasitic inductance between the output pins and the remote sense point. When using the remote sensing to compensate for a substantial voltage drop on the VOUT rail between converter and load (i.e., more than 1% of output voltage), the load voltage accuracy can be impacted by the internal 100K resistor between the VOUT and VADJ pins, especially at higher output voltage trim settings, where the trimming resistor R2 connected to the remote sense load starts to become a significant fraction of the 100K resistor. The following equation for the load voltage adjusts for this effect: Vload = Vref * [1 + (R2 || 100K) / R1] - Vdrop * [R2 / (R2 + 100K)] Where Vdrop is the difference between the output voltage at the converter pin and the load voltage (both measured with respect to the CTRL GND pin.) Internal vs External Reference: The QS1 version uses an internal reference to maintain 0.7V at the VADJ pin during normal steady-state operating conditions. The QS4 also uses an internal reference, but maintains 0.6V at the VADJ pin. The QS2 and the QS3 are configured to use an external reference voltage applied at the VSET pin. The converter will maintain this voltage, which may be between 0.7V and 1.0V, at the VADJ pin during normal steady-state operating conditions. Under no conditions should the VSET pin be driven above the absolute maximum voltage of 2.7V. Margining: With the QS1 and QS4 versions, the converter output voltage can be margined up or down by 5% by applying a logic-high voltage to the TRIMP and TRIMN pins. The table below summarizes the margining operation. There is an internal 50K resistor to ground at each of these pins. The logic threshold is about 1.4V, and the pins should be driven no higher than 5V. When using the QS2 or QS3 versions, the TRIMP and TRIMN pins should be connected to the CTRL GND pin.
TRIMP pin Low/Open High Low/Open High TRIMN pin Low/Open Low/Open High High Mode No Margining +5% -5% No Margining
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
RoHS Compliance: The EU led RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) Directive bans the use of Lead, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Mercury, Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB), and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) in Electrical and Electronic Equipment. This SynQor product is available as 6/6 RoHS compliant. For more information please refer to SynQor's RoHS addendum available at our RoHS Compliance / Lead Free Initiative web page or e-mail us at rohs@synqor.com.
SURFACE MOUNT INFORMATION
PCB Layout Considerations: SynQor recommends that the customer use a non-solder mask defined pad design. The minimum recommended pad size is 0.074" x 0.122" (1.88mm x 3.1mm) and the maximum pad size is 0.095" x 0.140" (2.41mm x 3.56mm), see the mechanical diagram on page 2. Interconnection to internal power planes is typically required. This can be accomplished by placing a number of vias between the SMT pad and the relevant plane. The number and location of the vias should be determined based on electrical resistance, current and thermal requirements. "Via-in-pad" design should be avoided in the SMT pads. Solder mask should be used to eliminate solder wicking into the vias. Pick and Place: The NiQor surface mount modules are designed for automated assembly using standard SMT pick and place equipment. The modules have a centrally located inductor component with a flat surface area to be used for component pick-up. The units use open frame construction and have a low mass that is within the capability of standard pick and place equipment. Those modules however have a larger mass than most conventional SMT components and so variables such as nozzle size, tip style, handling speed, and placement pressure should be optimized for best results. A conformal tipped placement nozzle design is recommended. Coplanarity of better than 0.004" (0.1mm) is achieved through the SMT NiQor's terminal design. Reflow Soldering Guidelines: Figure J shows a typical reflow profile for a eutectic solder process. Due to variations in customer applications, materials and processes, it is not feasible for SynQor to recommend a specific reflow profile. The customer should use this profile as a guideline only. Since the NiQor surface mount modules have a larger thermal mass and lower thermal resistance than standard SMT components, it may be necessary to optimize the solder reflow profile based on limitations of the other components on the customer board. Sufficient reflow time must be allowed to fuse the plating on the connection to ensure a reliable solder joint. The solder reflow profile should be confirmed by accurately measuring the SMT interconnect leads. The guidelines illustrated in Figure J must be observed to ensure the maximum case temperature of 260C (exposure for 5 seconds or less) is not exceeded for the NiQor units.
Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 12
Product # NQ10W50PKA07
Phone 1-888-567-9596
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Technical Specification
Lead-Free Soldering: These NiQor surface mount modules are manufactured with lead free solder and PCB finish and meet the conditions for Lead-Free Class 3 status. Users who wish to assemble the modules in a Lead-Free solder process may require peak reflow temperatures exceeding 240C. The maximum allowable case temperature of the surface mount NiQor modules is 260C for no greater than 5 seconds. Moisture Sensitivity: These NiQor surface mount modules have an MSL rating 1 per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-033A.
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
Maximum Temperature (+210-260oC)
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
Eutectic Solder Melting Point (+183oC)
(+150-155oC)
Pre-heat
* *
Soak 0.5-0.6oC/sec 60 to 90 sec., typ., 2 min max
* *
Reflow 1.3-1.6oC/sec 30 to 60 sec., typ., 90 sec max
Cool Down
< 2.5 C/sec
o
*
Cleaning and Drying: When possible, a no2 to 4 min. clean solder paste system should be used to solder the NiQor SMT units to their application board. The modules are suitable for aqueous washing, however, the user must ensure suffi- Figure J: Typical Eutectic (96.5Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu) Solder Profile cient drying to remove all water from the converter before powering up. Inadequate cleaning and drying can affect the reliability of the converter and the testing of the final assembly. Tape & Reel Packaging: The NiQor SMT modules are supplied in tape and reel packaging in quantities of 300 units per reel. Packaging conforms to EIA-481 standards. Tape and reel dimensions are shown in the diagram below.
330 mm (13") diameter reel
thermally sealed cover tape carrier tape
Leader: 400 mm min. Direction of feed 16 mm Trailer: 160 mm min. 44 mm
Pin 1 location
Reel View
Tape View
Product # NQ10W50PKA07
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Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B
6/12/07
Page 13
Technical Specification
PART NUMBERING SYSTEM
The part numbering system for SynQor's NiQor DC/DC converters follows the format shown in the example below.
NQ 10 W50 P K A 07 Q S 1 Options (see Ordering Information)
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
ORDERING INFORMATION
10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT
The tables below show the valid model numbers and ordering options for converters in this product family. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete 15 character part number consisting of the 12 character base part number, the next 3 characters for options. A "-G" suffix indicates the product is 6/6 RoHS compliant.
Model Number NQ10W50p KA07xyz -G Input Voltage 10.2 - 13.2V Output Voltage 0.7-5.0V Max Output Current 7.0 A
Output Current Thermal Design Performance Level Packaging Output Voltage Input Voltage Product Family
(see Ordering Information)
The following option choices must be included in place of the x & z spaces in the model numbers listed above.
Packaging: p
Packaging Enable Logic
Options Description: x y z
Pin Style Feature Set
The first 12 characters comprise the base part number and the next 3 characters indicate available options. A "-G" suffix indicates the product is 6/6 RoHS compliant.
P - 0.4"x0.9" Surface Mount
Q - Positive
1 - Internal 0.7V Reference & Margining (DCM version) 2 - External Reference & Variable Margining (DCM version) S - SMT 3 - External Reference & Variable Margining (CCM version) 4 - Internal 0.6V Reference & Variable Margining (CCM version)
Application Notes
A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from our website.
PATENTS (additional patent applications may be filed)
SynQor holds the following patents, one or more of which might apply to this product: 5,999,417 6,594,159 6,927,987 6,222,742 6,731,520 7,050,309 6,545,890 6,894,468 7,072,190 6,577,109 6,896,526 7,085,146
Contact SynQor for further information:
Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address:
978-849-0600 888-567-9596 978-849-0602 power@synqor.com www.synqor.com 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 USA
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Warranty SynQor offers a three (3) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor.
Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor.
Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 14
Product # NQ10W50PKA07
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